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Mann & Grimmer M.1
The Mann & Grimmer M.1 was a British prototype two-seat fighter aircraft of the First World War. It was a single-engined biplane with a radial engine in the aircraft's nose driving two pusher propellers, which was hoped to give a good field of fire for the gunner and high performance. Only one example was built, with no production following.
==Design and development==
In 1913, the schoolboy Reginald F. Mann, a successful designer and builder of model aircraft, set up the company "Mann & Grimmer" at Surbiton, London with his teacher Robert T. Grimmer to build model aircraft on a commercial scale.〔Bruce 1957, p. 297.〕〔Gunston 2005, p. 301.〕 The outbreak of the First World War in August 1914 resulted in Mann starting the design of a two-seat machine gun-armed aircraft. Mann wanted his design to combine a good field of fire for the observer's machine gun, as found in pusher configuration aircraft, with the higher performance found in tractor aircraft.〔Bruce 1965, pp. 140–141.〕〔Bruce 1957, pp. 297–298.〕 To meet these requirements, his design featured a deep conventional fuselage, powered by a single engine mounted in the nose, which drove two 2-bladed pusher propellers that were mounted behind and between the wings, via a long shaft to a gearbox and chain drives to the propellers. The observer sat in the nose of the aircraft, just behind the engine, while the pilot sat in a separate cockpit behind the trailing edge of the wings. It had two-bay wings with a swept leading edge and ailerons on upper and lower wings. It had a fixed conventional landing gear.〔Bruce 1965, pp. 142–143.〕〔''Flight'' 26 March 1915, p. 208.〕
The prototype was assembled at Hendon Aerodrome in February 1915, fitted with a Anzani radial engine. It made its maiden flight on 19 February 1915. It suffered problems with the complicated chain drive, which slowed testing, and proved to be underpowered, reaching a top speed of .〔Bruce 1957, p. 298.〕 In order to improve performance, it was fitted with a Anzani, flying in this form on 29 June 1915.〔Bruce 1957, pp. 298–299.〕 A series of gradual modifications were made to improve performance, with the aircraft eventually reaching a speed of . While it was planned that the aircraft would be evaluated by the Royal Flying Corps, this did not occur because the prototype was wrecked in a crash-landing during an attempt on the British altitude record on 16 November 1915, caused by failure of the gearbox.〔Bruce 1957, pp. 299–300.〕〔Green and Swanborough 1994, p. 362.〕〔Grimmer ''Flight'' 16 March 1916, p. 225.〕
While Mann designed an improved version, the M.2, which was hoped to reach speeds of , a lack of funds resulted in construction of a prototype being abandoned.〔
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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